331 BC
Year 331 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.
| Years |
|---|
| Millennium |
| 1st millennium BC |
| Centuries |
| Decades |
| Years |
| 331 BC by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 331 BC CCCXXX BC |
| Ab urbe condita | 423 |
| Ancient Egypt era | XXXII dynasty, 2 |
| - Pharaoh | Alexander the Great, 2 |
| Ancient Greek era | 112th Olympiad, year 2 |
| Assyrian calendar | 4420 |
| Balinese saka calendar | N/A |
| Bengali calendar | −923 |
| Berber calendar | 620 |
| Buddhist calendar | 214 |
| Burmese calendar | −968 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5178–5179 |
| Chinese calendar | 己丑年 (Earth Ox) 2366 or 2306 — to — 庚寅年 (Metal Tiger) 2367 or 2307 |
| Coptic calendar | −614 – −613 |
| Discordian calendar | 836 |
| Ethiopian calendar | −338 – −337 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3430–3431 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | −274 – −273 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 2770–2771 |
| Holocene calendar | 9670 |
| Iranian calendar | 952 BP – 951 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 981 BH – 980 BH |
| Javanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | N/A |
| Korean calendar | 2003 |
| Minguo calendar | 2242 before ROC 民前2242年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1798 |
| Thai solar calendar | 212–213 |
| Tibetan calendar | ས་མོ་གླང་ལོ་ (female Earth-Ox) −204 or −585 or −1357 — to — ལྕགས་ཕོ་སྟག་ལོ་ (male Iron-Tiger) −203 or −584 or −1356 |
Year 331 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.
Events
By place
Macedonia
- Alexander leaves Egypt and leads his forces towards Phoenicia. He leaves Cleomenes of Naucratis as the ruling nomarch to control Egypt.
- October 1 – Alexander of Macedonia wins the Battle of Gaugamela (near ancient Ninevah) over the Persian King Darius III. Darius turns his chariot and flees. Alexander chases the Persian forces to Arbela. Darius escapes with his Bactrian cavalry and Greek mercenaries into Media.
- Alexander encounters for the first time war elephants.
- Alexander becomes the master of the Persian Empire. This ends the Achaemenid dynasty. Babylon and Susa open their gates to him. In the capital, Susa, Alexander gets huge treasures amounting to 50,000 gold talents.
Greece
- Agis III of Sparta leads some of the Greek cities in a revolt. He holds Crete against Macedonian forces. In the Peloponnesus he routes a force under the Macedonian general Coragus. Athens stays neutral, but he is joined by Elis, Achaea (except Pellene) and Arcadia, with the exception of Megalopolis.
Italy
- Alexander of Epirus takes Heraclea from the Lucanians, and Terina and Sipontum from the Bruttii.
- Tarentum turn against Alexander of Epirus when they realize that he wants to make a kingdom of his own in southern Italy. Alexander is defeated and killed in the Battle of Pandosia on the banks of the Acheron.
Roman Republic
- The Gallic tribe of the Senones and the Romans enter a period of friendly relations which lasts the rest of the century.
Deaths
- Alexander I of Epirus, Aeacid dynasty king of Epirus (b. c. 370 BC)
- Vahe, legendary king of Armenia and last of the Hyke dynasty
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