Edward Atkinson

Edward Atkinson adalah seorang ekonom, penemu, dan pendiri Liga Anti-Imperialis Amerika. Lahir 10 Febuari 1827 di Brookline, Massachusetts dan menempuh pendidik…

Edward Atkinson
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Edward Atkinson
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Suntingan nilai di Wikidata
Temple name (en) TerjemahkanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
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Biografi
Kelompokmanusia Suntingan nilai di Wikidata
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KelahiranLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
10 Februari 1827 Suntingan nilai di Wikidata
Brookline () Suntingan nilai di Wikidata
Kematian11 Desember 1905 Suntingan nilai di Wikidata (78 tahun)
Boston () Suntingan nilai di Wikidata
Penyebab kematianLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Tempat pemakamanOld Burying Ground (en) Terjemahkan Suntingan nilai di Wikidata
Data pribadi
Kelompok etnikLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Ideologi politikLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
AgamaLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
PendidikanUniversity of South Carolina
Perguruan Tinggi Dartmouth - Doktor Suntingan nilai di Wikidata
Tangan utamaLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Warna mataLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Warna rambutLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Kegiatan
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Penasihat doktoralLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
SpesialisasiLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Pekerjaanpengusaha, aktivis perdamaian, penulis Suntingan nilai di Wikidata
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Periode aktif(Floruit: Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.)
Bekerja diLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Partai politikNational Democratic Party (en) Terjemahkan Suntingan nilai di Wikidata
Tertarik denganLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
GenreLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
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Murid dariLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Dipengaruhi oleh
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Gaji pokokLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
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Cabang militerLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
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KomandoLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
KonflikLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Time in space (en) TerjemahkanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Aktivitas luar kendaraanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
P450 TerjemahkanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Ordo keagamaanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Priestly ordination in the Roman rite (en) TerjemahkanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
KonsekrasiLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
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Celebration (en) TerjemahkanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
ZiarahLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Tanggal perayaanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
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Domain of saint or deity (en) TerjemahkanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Tipe suaraLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
InstrumenLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Label rekamanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Related artists (en) TerjemahkanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Musical conductor (en) TerjemahkanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Patron of the arts (en) TerjemahkanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Membela negara (untuk olahraga)Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
OlahragaLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Disiplin olahraga berkompetisi padaLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Competition class (en) TerjemahkanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
LigaLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Posisi dalam timLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Tangan mainLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Nomor punggungLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Co-driver (en) TerjemahkanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Kepala pelatihLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Drafted by (en) TerjemahkanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Kit supplier (en) TerjemahkanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Karya kreatif
Murid doktoralLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Singkatan nama ahli botaniLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Singkatan nama zoologiLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Lain-lain
Gelar bangsawanLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
KeluargaLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Pasangan nikahLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
KekasihLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
AnakKesalahan ekspresi: Operator < tak terduga
Orang tuaAmos Atkinson (en) Terjemahkan Suntingan nilai di Wikidata, Anna Greenleaf Sawyer (en) Terjemahkan Suntingan nilai di Wikidata
SaudaraWilliam Parsons Atkinson Suntingan nilai di Wikidata
KerabatLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Tuntutan hukum yang diterimaLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Dinyatakan bersalah atasLua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Penghargaan
Tanda tangan
[[Berkas:Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.|220x250px|alt=]]

[[Berkas:Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.|100px|alt= Lambang kebesaran Edward Atkinson]]
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Edward Atkinson adalah seorang ekonom, penemu, dan pendiri Liga Anti-Imperialis Amerika. Lahir 10 Febuari 1827 di Brookline, Massachusetts dan menempuh pendidikan di sekolah swasta. Ia meraih gelar Ph.D. dari Dartmouth College dan gelar LL.D. dari University of South Carolina.[1] Pada dekade sebelum Perang Saudara, Atkinson adalah seorang pengusaha sukses sebagai eksekutif di beberapa pabrik kapas terkemuka di New England. Kemudian, Ia menjabat sebagai Presiden Boston Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Company dan Mutual Boiler Insurance Company of Boston.

Atkinson menikah dengan Mary Caroline Heath pada 1855; Mereka memiliki 9 anak, 7 di antaranya bertahan hidup hingga dewasa.[2] Salah satu putranya, Robert Whitman Atkinson (1868–1934), adalah seorang musisi dan komposer yang terkenal karena menggubah "The Party at Odd Fellows Hall", sebuah waltz populer 1890-an, dengan lirik karya J. Wendell Jr. Pada 1886, Atkinson menemukan kompor dapur yang disempurnakan yang dikenal sebagai kompor Aladdin,[1] sebuah alat masak lambat yang menggunakan daya minimal, mirip dengan prinsip yang digunakan oleh crock pot modern.[3]

Aktivitas politik

Atkinson berjuang melawan perbudakan dengan mendukung Free-Soil Party dan Boston Vigilance Committee, sebuah organisasi yang membantu para budak yang melarikan diri. Karena bosan dengan kompromi, Ia mulai mengumpulkan uang untuk membeli senapan dan amunisi guna mendukung pasukan gerilya pemberontak John Brown. Pada 1866, Ia terpilih sebagai delegasi ke konvensi serikat pekerja nasional yang diadakan di Philadelphia, tetapi Ia tidak berpartisipasi dalam musyawarahnya. Ia terpilih sebagai Anggota American Academy of Arts and Sciences pada 1879.[4]

Ia terinspirasi oleh gagasan Adam Smith, Richard Cobden, dan John Bright, dan Ia menjadi humas terkemuka untuk perdagangan bebas. Dalam banyak hal, Ia dapat digambarkan sebagai rekan Amerika untuk Frédéric Bastiat. Ia menentang gagasan inflasionis William Jennings Bryan dan yang lainnya, tetapi, tidak seperti beberapa pihak, mendukung denasionalisasi total atau privatisasi uang.[5]

Kartun yang menggambarkan Erving Winslow dan Edward Atkinson dari Liga Anti-Imperialis Amerika sedang berduka atas penangkapan Aguinaldo. Oleh surat kabar pro-ekspansi, New York Tribune, dicetak ulang Literary Digest, 22 (13 April 1901).

Kematian dan Warisan

Edward Atkinson meninggal dunia pada 11 Desember 1905. Ia berusia 78 tahun saat wafat. Dokumen-dokumen Atkinson disimpan di Massachusetts Historical Society dan mencakup 32 karton dan 6 jilid materi.

Karya

Selama hampir empat dekade, Atkinson aktif terlibat dalam pendistribusian brosur-brosur yang Ia tulis sendiri tentang perbankan, persaingan, manufaktur kapas, legislasi ekonomi, pencegahan kebakaran, pendidikan industri, masalah uang, dan tarif. Selain seri pamfletnya pada 1899, yang disiarkan di seluruh Amerika Serikat, yang diberi judul "Sang Anti-Imperialis:"[6]

  • Kapas Murah oleh Buruh Bebas (Boston, 1861)
  • Distribusi Produk (New York, 1885)
  • Margin Keuntungan (1887)
  • Kemajuan Industri Bangsa (1889)
  • Perpajakan dan Pekerjaan: Serangkaian Risalah tentang Tarif dan Mata Uang (New York 1892)

Referensi

  1. ^ a b  Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., ed. (1900). "Atkinson, Edward" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
  2. ^ "Edward Atkinson Papers, 1819–1920: Guide to the Collection," Massachusetts Historical Society, /www.masshist.org/
  3. ^ Untuk pembahasan bergambar tentang alat ini, lihat: "The Aladdin Cooker," English Mechanic and World of Science, vol. 43, no. 1.106 (4 Juni 1886), hlm. 294–295.
  4. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Diakses tanggal 2025-11-21.
  5. ^ David T. Beito dan Linda Royster Beito, "Gold Democrats and the Decline of Classical Liberalism, 1896–1900," Diarsipkan 2014-03-26 di Wayback Machine Independent Review 4 (Musim Semi 2000), 555–575
  6. ^ Teaford, Jon C. (2000-02). Strong, William Lafayette (1827-1900), mayor of New York City. American National Biography Online. Oxford University Press. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai tanggal dalam: |date=

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